Which propagation method uses high power microwaves scattered by the troposphere to reach beyond the line of sight?

Which propagation method uses high power microwaves scattered by the troposphere to reach beyond the line of sight?

• A. Direct - LOS
• B. Sky Waves
• C. Troposcatter
• D. Surface

Answer: (C)

This method relies on sending high-power microwaves toward the lower atmosphere so that small-scale irregularities in the troposphere scatter part of the energy back down to receivers beyond the horizon. The scattered energy creates a usable path between transmitter and distant receiver, allowing communication beyond line of sight. Because much of the power is lost to scattering and the signal arrives via indirect paths, this approach needs strong transmitters and large antennas, and it typically offers lower data rates than direct LOS links. It differs from direct line-of-sight, which requires a clear, unobstructed path; from sky waves, which use ionospheric reflection at much lower frequencies; and from surface waves, which propagate along the earth’s surface at low frequencies.

This method relies on sending high-power microwaves toward the lower atmosphere so that small-scale irregularities in the troposphere scatter part of the energy back down to receivers beyond the horizon. The scattered energy creates a usable path between transmitter and distant receiver, allowing communication beyond line of sight. Because much of the power is lost to scattering and the signal arrives via indirect paths, this approach needs strong transmitters and large antennas, and it typically offers lower data rates than direct LOS links. It differs from direct line-of-sight, which requires a clear, unobstructed path; from sky waves, which use ionospheric reflection at much lower frequencies; and from surface waves, which propagate along the earth’s surface at low frequencies.